Background: Giardia is one of the infectious agents that can be transmitted by surface water and cause a disease. We designed and fabricated a Magnetic system to separate the giardia cysts from water. Materials and Methods: In this study, giardia cysts were concentrated by sucrose floatation method. The cysts were mixed with physiological saline and their concentration was adjusted to 100, 000 cysts per cubic millimeter using Neubauer slide. The isolated cysts were passed through the Magnetic field generated by the 200-msT magnets. The cysts were attracted to the magnet and removed from the suspension. The cysts were exposed to Magnetic field for one week in order to evaluate the effect of Magnetic field on their survival, which was reported as 0. 1% using eosin staining under a light microscope. Results: The results showed that Magnetic field can relatively absorb giardia cysts from water, the survival rate of the cysts did not change significantly in different days (P≥ 0. 05). Conclusion: The designed Magnetic system can be reinforced to isolate giardia cysts, which is economical and has no chemical effects on water.

In this paper, the extraction of iron and vanadium from titanomagnetite sources was studied by a reduction roasting process. Titanomagnetite has a spinel structure, and roasting facilitates its decomposition, making it easier to separate iron and titanium. In the roasting stage, several key parameters including temperature, particle size, and oxidation roasting were investigated for the iron separation, and a Magnetic separator was used at a field intensity of 800 G to enrich the roasted product. For iron extraction, decreasing the particle size resulted in an increase in grade, and increasing temperature and oxidation did not have a positive effect on increase in grade. The highest iron grade and recovery were 65.32% and 65.77%, respectively, and were obtained with a particle size less than 38µm and a temperature of 550°C. The tailings from the Magnetic separation stage contain titanium and vanadium, so the separation of vanadium was investigated using salt roasting at a temperature of 900°C and a roasting time of 2 h followed by leaching with water. The highest grade and recovery of vanadium oxide were obtained at 67.51% and 69.4%, respectively.

Background and objective: Cholera is a disabling infectious disease that is caused by Vibrio cholera O-1& O-139. The current procedures for the detection and enumeration of V. cholerae bacteria can often be costly in labor, materials, and time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the separation of V. cholerae O-1 using ImmunoMagnetic separation.Materials and methods: In this study, the polyclonal antibody against bacterial surface antigen (ompW) was immobilized on Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and this approach was used to isolate bacteria from environment. Immobilizing process was applied using the 11-MUA in the presence of EDC and NHS. To confirm the immobilizing process, two methods (FTIR spectroscopy and Brad Ford proteinassy) were used. Bacterial strains from two medical centers of Tehran clinical samples were collected and identified using biochemical methods.Results: Functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles with antibody against omp W was successfully accomplished. Nanoparticles were added to the environments containing bacteria and applying Magnetic fields, the bacteria were isolated from the buffer. This method can isolate V. cholerae O-1 bacteria up to 2cfu from buffer samples. Culturing the bacteria attached to nanoparticles in specific media confirmed this isolation method.Conclusions: The results showed that, in comparison to other separating methods, this technique is more powerful.

Iron oxide is an important impurity in micron zed silica powder which has an adverse effect on quality of the product. Not only it causes different colors in the glass but it brings out some difficulties in glass production line as well. In this article, silica used by Takes tan Glass Company, a major producer of glass in the country is upgraded by acid leach and Magnetic separation techniques. A sample feed with 0.082% iron oxide was used in mineralogical studies. This sample was then concentrated under different conditions. Variables such as percentages of solid content in the pulp, acid leach conditioning time, temperature, type of acid used and its dosage, and Magnetic field intensity were optimized. At last, the combination of acid leach and Magnetic separation methods was studied and results showed that a silica upgrade with 0.018% iron oxide can be achieved.

In this research, Effect of thermal treatment on beneficiation of low-grade laterite nickel by calcination-Magnetic separation method was studied. In order to determine the components and elements of the sample, to recognize the main and minor minerals and their bond, and phase transformation caused by thermal treatment, Chemical analysis (XRF and ICP), microscopic studies and XRD analysis were done, respectively. SEM analysis was done to study the content of nickel and other minerals. In order to determine the phase transformation of the sample because of calcination treatment, thermal analysis of DTA/TG and XRD analysis, before and after of calcination were done. Wet Magnetic separation tests with two methods of calcination-Magnetic separation and only Magnetic separation were done on the sample and the results in grade and recovery of nickel concentrate were compared. According to results, nickel content in the sample was0. 94%. Main minerals of laterite sample were Hematite, Goethite, Quartz, and dolomite and minor minerals were Magnetite and minerals of serpentine group. Furthermore, there is no independent nickel mineral in the sample. SEM studies declared that nickel was substituted in ironcontaining minerals (Hematite and Goethite). XRD and thermal analysis (DTA/TG) showed that at 350 ° C, Goethite transformed to Hematite and at 750 ° C, Hematite transformed widely to Magnetite. Calcination of feed at 750° C followed by wet Magnetic separation with the Magnetic field of 6000 Gauss in comparison with alone Magnetic separation caused an increase in recovery and grade of Magnetic concentrate to 12. 7% and 0. 41%, respectively. Results showed that an increase in temperature of more than 750 ° C, caused a decrease in recovery and grade of nickel in Magnetic concentrate.

Background and Aims: Disc displacement is the most common temporomandibular joint disorder and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in its diagnosis. This disorder can lead to changes in signal intensity of Magnetic resonance (MR). The purpose of this study was evaluation of correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images of retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle with type of anterior disk displacement and condylar head flattening in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD).Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 31 MR images of patients who had anterior disc displacement were evaluated. After relative signal intensity measurement for retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle, the correlation between relative signal intensity and type of anterior disc displacement was evaluated with repeated measure ANOVA test. In each of these 3 areas, t-test was used to compare the groups with and without condylar head flattening.Results: The correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and type of anterior disc displacement in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle was not significant. There was also no statistically significant correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and flattening of condylar head in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to findings of this study, relative signal intensity of MR images in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of ptrygoid muscle is not a good predictor for type of anterior disc displacement and flattening of condylar head. It seems that this cannot be used as a diagnostic marker for TMD progression.

Low-grade iron ores contain many impurities and are difficult to upgrade to make appropriate concentrates for the blast furnace (BF) or direct reduction (DR) technologies. In this study, the beneficiation of an Oolitic-iron ore (containing 45.46wt% Fe2O3) with magnetization roasting by non-coking coal (containing 62.1wt% fixed carbon) under a stream of argon gas was investigated. Then, a 2500 Gaussian magnet was used for dry Magnetic separation method. The effects of roasting time, ore particle size and reaction temperature on the amount of separated part and grade of the product were examined. It was found out that the hematite inside of ore could almost be completely converted into magnetite by stoichiometric ratio of coal to ore at the roasting temperature of 625 °C for 25 min. Under the optimum condition, a high amount of Magnetic part of the product (72.22 wt%) with a grade of 92.7% was separated. The most important point in this process was prevention of reduced ore from re-oxidation reaction by controlling roasting atmosphere, time and temperature. In addition, different analytical methods such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to investigate and expound the results.